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2023
我国
村民
自治
存在
问题
对策
摘 要
民主在现代人类文明上一直是一个很重要的话题,随着时代的进步和经济的开展,人们的民主意识越来越高。中国是一个历史悠久的文明古国,从近代开始,关于民主的探索从未停止过,一些启蒙民主思想推动了中国民主的开展。在新中国成立以来,中国对民主的追求更是猛烈,其中比拟有特色的就是“基层民主自治〞,这种民主形式是我国民主的重要组成局部,是我国社会主义民主的重点之一。党和国家十分重视我国基层民主的开展,这与“人民当家做主〞相照应,有利于提高中国人民的民主意识,加强中国民主政治的建设。本文主要讲了基层民主自治中的“村民自治〞。
“村民自治〞是由中国农村改革产生的。它出现并随着现代化进程而长大。在农村社会“内生〞性质和国家“外部推力〞的双面推动下,自出现以来迅速增长,直到现在成为了我国农村社会治理的理想模式,而且还成为中国基层民主的很重要的内容。从第一个村委会出现之日起,中国的村民自治已经经过了三十多年的光阴。三十年以来,无数的实践活动证明,村民自治的好处很多,村民自治有利于中国农村的文化的蓬勃开展,对政治,经济和社会的进步发挥了明显的积极作用,也为中国基层民主实践的继续开展埋下了坚实的基石。但是,在新世纪的崭新时期,伴随着村民自治实践的进一步推行,明显地露出一些问题。其中一些问题是那些尚未得到有效解决的问题,那些以前并未出现的问题,还有并且正在逐渐出现的问题等。这些问题影响了农村社会的健康开展,是我国村民自治开展过程中的绊脚石,以及阻碍了我国开展深入的民主政治建设,所以,我们斩除这些不利因素,就必须要了解问题所在,对症下药。这篇论文我主要是以这个为出发点,选题进行研究。文章以当前村民自治的主要问题为根本出发点,在学习了解了国内和国外一些典型事例之后,结合了我国村民自治在时间的过程中出现的几个比拟常见的问题。运用了不同学派的知识观点展开研究,参考了大量与基层民主相关的文献,并且结合自己见识过的一些真实实例,比拟完善地比拟当前中国村民自治的主要问题和这些问题出现的原因。在通过一些合理的分析后,研究探索村民自治健康开展的对策。
关键词:村民自治;民主;中国农村;解决对策
Abstract
Democracy has always been a very important topic in modern human civilization, with the progress of the Times and the development of economy, people's consciousness of democracy is more and more high. China is a long history of ancient civilization, from the beginning of modern times, the exploration of democracy has never stopped, some of the Enlightenment of Democratic thought to promote the development of China's democracy. Since the founding of New China, China's exploration of democracy has never ceased, among which the more characteristic is "grassroots democratic autonomy", which is an important component of democracy in China and one of the key points of our socialist democracy. The party and the State attach great importance to the development of grass-roots democracy in our country, which echoes the "People's ownership", which helps to improve the democratic consciousness of the Chinese people and strengthen the construction of Chinese democracy. This article mainly talks about the "villager autonomy" in the grassroots democratic autonomy.
Villager Autonomy is produced by the reform of Chinese countryside. It appears and grows up with the process of modernization. In the rural society "endogenous" nature and the state "external thrust" of the two-sided impetus, since the emergence of rapid growth, until now has become the rural social governance of China's ideal model, but also become a very important part of China's grassroots democracy. Since the first village committee appeared, China's villager autonomy has been over more than 30 years. Over the past 30 years, countless practical activities have proved that villagers ' autonomy has many advantages, villager autonomy is beneficial to the flourishing of Chinese rural culture, has played a significant positive role in political, economic and social progress, and has laid a solid foundation for the continuing development of Chinese grassroots democratic practice. However, in the new century, with the further implementation of villager autonomy practice, some problems are obviously revealed. Some of these issues are those that have not been effectively addressed, those that have not previously arisen, and the problems that are emerging. These problems affect the healthy development of rural society, is the stumbling block in the development process of villager autonomy in our country, and hinder our country to carry on the deep democratic politics construction, therefore, if we cut these unfavorable factors, we must understand the problem and prescribe the right remedy. This paper I mainly take this as the starting point, the topic of research. The article takes the main problem of villager autonomy as the basic starting point, and after learning some typical cases in China and abroad, it combines some common problems that arise in the process of villager autonomy in our country. Using different schools of ideas only to carry out research, reference to a large number of grass-roots democracy-related literature, and with their own experience of some real examples, comparatively perfect comparison of the current problems of Chinese villager autonomy and the reasons for the emergence of these problems. After some reasonable analysis, the paper explores the countermeasures for the healthy development of villager autonomy.
Keyword:Villagers’ Autonomy;Democracy;Rural China;solutions
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
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第1章 绪 论
1.1 课题背景及研究的目的和意义
村民自治在二十世纪七十年代末开始出现。在那个时候,农村的组织和管理变得支离破碎,平安局势恶化。在这种情况下,一种新的村委会形式被一些地方的农民自发地创造出来。在深入调查研究后,国家认可了这一做法。 十五大的召开了标志着村民自治的进一步开展,此次会议把“四个民主〞带进了党的大会报告,此次会议极大地提高 “村名自治〞在我国民主中的地位,说明了“村民自治〞的重要性。在此之后,全国人大常委会审议并且通过了修正案。“村民自治〞逐渐走向正轨。 “村委会组织法〞详细地阐述和规定了村民委员会的性质和职能,十七大报告在二零零七年将中国社会主义政治制度内容中的基层自治制度纳入其中。之后进一步提出了全面深化改革,为进一步深化村民自治提供了方向,并提供了政策保障。自从那个时候起,村民自治的开展越来越蓬勃。
在村民自治制度的蓬勃开展中,在新的阶段却出现了不同的问题。制度老化僵硬,不能解决新出现的问题;村民主体意识不强,村民自治未能表达真正民主;贪污贿选情况明显;村民自治开展扭曲。为了解决这些新出现的问题,在对村民自治进行仔细地了解分析后,提出了一些参考性建议,希望能对村民自治的健康开展有所帮助。
1.2 国内外研究动态
国内研究动态
徐勇在中国农村村民自治中,说明了两个村民自治产生的必要因素