马自达电力电子手册.pdf

I I -1 1.-I mon Mazda 1 Power Electronics Handbook Third edition Fraidoon Mazda Newnos OXFORD AMSTERDAM BOSTON LONDON NEW YORK PARIS SAN DlEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO Newnes An imprint of Elsevier Science Linacre House,Jordan Hill,Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road,Burlington MA 0 1803 First published 1990 Second edition 1993 Third edition 1997 Transferred to digital printing 2003 Copyright Q 1990,1993,1997 Fraidoon Mazda.All rights reserved The right of Fraidoon Mazda to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form(including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication)without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd,90 Tottenham Court Road,London,England W1T 4LP.Applications for the copyright holders written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0 7506 2926 6 For information on all Newnes publications visit our website at Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd,Eastbourne Contents Preface Part 1 Components 1 Power semiconductor devices 2 Thermal design 3 Power semiconductor control components 4 Electromagnetic compatibility 5 Power semiconductor protection Part 2 Circuits 6 Power semiconductor circuits-a resum6 7 Static switches 8 A.C.line control 9 Phase-controlled rectification and inversion 10 Direct a.c.frequency converters 11 Forced commutation techniques 12 D.C.to d.c.converters 13 D.C.link frequency changers Part 3 Applications 14 Power semiconductor circuit applications Appendix 1 List of symbols Appendix 2 Glossary of terms Index vii 1 3 61 74 99 121 135 137 147 157 178 22 1 242 26 1 284 353 355 417 423 429 Preface There have been many developments in the field of power electronics since the publication of the second edition,almost five years ago.Devices have become bigger and better-bigger silicon die,and current and voltage ratings.However,semiconductor devices have also become smaller and better,integrated circuit devices,that is.And the marriage of low power integrated circuit tecnology and high power semiconductors has resulted in benefit to both fields.The third edition of the Power Electtunics Handbook reflects these changes.Although the basic design chapters have been largely unchanged,those on power and control components have been updated with the addition of sections on power devices such as the IGBT,and on the integration of low and high power devices,such as in smart power components The section on EMC has also been updated to include recent standards.A new d o n on the application of power components within automobiles has been added,since the use of power devices in this area has increased considerably.The fust chapter describes the processes used in the manufacture of power semiconductors and the construction and characteristics of the power semiconductors currently available.Chapters 2 to 5 cover devices which are used in conjunction with power semiconductors.Chapter 2 introduces the methods and components for removing heat generated within the power semiconductor,a vital requirement for effective operation.Chapter 3 describes low power devices,including those classified BS smart power,which are used to control the operation of power semiconductors.Chapter 4 introduces the techniques and components necessary to minimise radio frequency interference generated by power electronic circuits;with the tightening of European and world regulations,this is clearly an important consideration.Chapter 5 describes components and circuits used to protect power components from malfunction,such as caused by overcurrent and overvoltage.Chapters 6 to 13 provide detailed information on the arrangements and design of the various types of power semiconductor circuits.Because there are a large number of different types of such circuits,this whole field is first surveyed in Chapter 6,to give the student a unified picture.Chapter 7 describes the most basic type of power circuit,that used for simple static switching.This is taken further in Chapter 8 to controlling the value of the a.c.line voltage.Chapter 9 extends the voltage control concept viii Preface to include rectification,so taht the a.c.is controlled to give a variable d.c.voltage.Although similar in concept to ax.line control and rectification,the next chapter describes a completely different application,the use of pow