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Introduction toElectromagneticCompatibilitySecond EditionCLAYTON R.PAULDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering,School of Engineering,Mercer University,Macon,Georgia and Emeritus Professor of ElectricalEngineering,University of Kentucky,Lexington,KentuckyA JOHN WILEY&SONS,INC.PUBLICATIONIntroduction toElectromagneticCompatibilitySecond EditionIntroduction toElectromagneticCompatibilitySecond EditionCLAYTON R.PAULDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering,School of Engineering,Mercer University,Macon,Georgia and Emeritus Professor of ElectricalEngineering,University of Kentucky,Lexington,KentuckyA JOHN WILEY&SONS,INC.PUBLICATIONThis book is printed on acid-free paper.?1Copyright#2006 by John Wiley&Sons,Inc.All rights reserved.Published by John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,New Jersey.Published simultaneously in Canada.No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted in any form orby any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,or otherwise,except as per-mitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act,without either the priorwritten permission of the Publisher,or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy feeto the Copyright Clearance Center,Inc.,222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923,978-750-8400,fax978-646-8600,or on the web at .Requests to the Publisher for permission shouldbe addressed to the Permissions Department,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,111 River Street,Hoboken,NJ07030,(201)748-6011,fax(201)748-6008.Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty:While the publisher and author have used their best efforts inpreparing this book,they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or complete-ness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability orfitness for a particular purpose.No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives orwritten sales materials.The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation.You should consult with a professional where appropriate.Neither the publisher nor author shall be liablefor any loss of profit or any other commercial damages,including but not limited to special,incidental,consequential,or other damages.For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Departmentwithin the U.S.at 877-762-2974,outside the U.S.at 317-572-3993 or fax 317-572-4002.Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats.Some content that appears in print,however,may not be available in electronic format.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:Paul,Clayton R.Introduction to electromagnetic compatibility/Clayton R.Paul.-2nd ed.p.cm.“Wiley-Interscience.”Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN-13:978-0-471-75500-5(alk.paper)ISBN-10:0-471-75500-1(alk.paper)1.Electromagnetic compatibility.2.Electronic circuits-Noise.3.Digital electronics.4.Shielding(Electricity)I.Title.TK7867.2.P38 2006621.382024-dc222005049400Printed in the United States of America10987654321This textbook is dedicated toThe humane and compassionate treatment of animals“For every difficult problem there is always a simple answer and most of themare wrong.”“When you can measure what you are speaking about and express it in numbersyou know something about it;but when you cannot measure it,when you cannotexpress it in numbers your knowledge is of meagre and unsatisfactory kind;it maybe the beginning of knowledge but you have scarcely progressed in your thoughtsto the stage of science whatever the matter may be.”Lord KelvinContentsContentsPrefacexvii1Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility(EMC)11.1Aspects of EMC31.2History of EMC101.3Examples121.4Electrical Dimensions and Waves141.5Decibels and Common EMC Units231.5.1Power Loss in Cables321.5.2Signal Source Specification37Problems43References482EMC Requirements for Electronic Systems492.1Governmental Requirements502.1.1Requirements for Commercial Products Marketedin the United States502.1.2Requirements for Commercial Products Marketedoutside the United States552.1.3Requirements for Military Products Marketed in theUnited States602.1.4Measurement of Emissions for Verification of Compliance622.1.4.1Radiated Emissions642.1.4.2Conducted Emissions672.1.5Typical Product Emissions722.1.6A Simple Example to Illustrate the Difficulty in Meetingthe Regulatory Limits78vii2.2Additional Product Requirements792.2.1Radiated Susceptibility(Immunity)812.2.2Conducted Susceptibility(Immunity)812.2.3Electrostatic Discharge(ESD)812.2.4Requirements for Commercial Aircraft822.2.5Requirements for Commercial Vehicles822.3Design Constraints for Products822.4Advantages of EMC Design84Problems86References893Signal Spectrathe Relationship between the Time Domain andthe Frequency Domain913.1Periodic Signals913.1.1The Fourier Series Representation of Periodic Signals943.1.2Response of Linear Systems to Periodic Input Signals1043.1.