2023年建筑工程造价预算的现有问题及解决途径.doc

建筑工程造价预算的现有问题及解决途径 Construction project cost budget of the existing problems and solutions 摘　要：市场经济体制下，建筑工程项目都带有市场性和经济性，控制好建筑工程造价，对于提升项目投资收益和维护建筑企业可持续开展有着重要意义。本文归纳了建筑工程造价预算中的现有问题，分析了其产生原因，并提出了建筑工程造价预算控制与管理对策。 Pick to: under the market economic system, construction engineering projects with the marketability and economy, control the construction project cost, to improve project return on investment and maintenance of the building enterprise sustainable development has important significance. This paper summarizes the existing problems in construction of the project cost budget, analyzes its causes, and put forward the construction project cost budget control and management measures. 关键词：工程造价；预算；问题；控制 Key words: engineering cost; Budget; The problem; control 近年来，随着国民经济的快速开展，建筑工程项目的投资规模逐渐增大，如何提升造价管理工作有效性，提升工程项目经济效益和社会效益，已经成为建筑行业热点问题。建筑工程造价预算是工程项目投资的重要依据，在项目投资管理过程中有着举足轻重的地位。传统建筑工程造价预算存在诸多弊端，制约着工程造价控制工作成效，现将笔者对这些问题的认识阐述如下。 In recent years, with the rapid development of national economy, construction of the project investment scale increases gradually, how to improve cost management work effectiveness, improve project economic and social benefits, has become a hot issue, which has become the construction industry. Construction project cost budget is the important basis for project investment, has a pivotal position in the process of project investment management. Many disadvantages exist traditional architectural project cost budget, restricts the engineering cost control work, now will the understanding of these issues in this paper, the author is as follows. 1.建筑工程造价预算的现有问题 1. Construction project cost budget of the existing problems 建筑工程项目涉及因素多，影响工程造价的原因较为复杂，因而工程项目造价控制应贯穿于工程施工的始终，但目前由于工程造价管理不到位，经常出现建筑工程超预算问题，影响工程的投资收益。造成超预算的原因主要有以下几点： Construction engineering project involves factors to affect, the cause of the construction cost is relatively complex, so project cost control should be consistently throughout the project construction, but at the moment due to the engineering cost management does not reach the designated position, often appear construction engineering budget problems, affecting the project investment benefit. The cause of over budget mainly include the following: 　　1.1工程造价受外在因素影响 1.1 the project cost is influenced by external factors 建筑工程项目建设周期长，工程造价的影响因素多，施工过程中市场条件不断变化，材料价格随市场条件不断上下波动。即使工程造价预算预算中市场风险、材料价格变化等问题考虑在内，对工程预算留有余地，也难以准确预测市场及外界条件的变化，工程造价预算仍然不能做到准确无误。 Construction engineering project construction cycle is long, the influence factors of engineering cost, construction in the process of changing market conditions, material price constantly fluctuate with market conditions. Even if the project cost budget a budget problem such as market risk, the material price changes into account, for a project budget, also difficult to accurately predict the change of market and external conditions, the project cost budget still can't do it accurately. 　　1.2概预算编制不合理 1.2 the budget establishment is not reasonable 一些预算编制人员对工程情况了解不够全面、深入，造成造价预算缺项、漏项，无法准确地预测工程实施费用的支出。这样一来工程造价预算失去了指导性和科学性，实际施工中建设单位为了保证工程施工质量和施工进度，不得不采取一些超预算行为。 Some budgeting personnel has not enough comprehensive and in-depth knowledge in engineering, have cost relating to budget shortage, leakage, unable to accurately predict the project expenditures. So lost instructional and scientific project cost budget, the actual construction of the construction unit in order to ensure construction quality and construction progress, have to take some of the surplus behavior. 　　1.3施工图结算不合理 1.3 construction settlement is not reasonable 　　施工图结算中，涉及的建筑材料和施工机械设备种类比拟多，要使每种材料和设备的价格均得到明确比拟困难，定额中只能明确出一局部材料和设备的价格，这导致了材料结算失控。除此之外，建筑工程施工过程中常常会发生工程变更，而预算人员对实际施工情况不够了解，导致结算中仅仅增加工程量的造价，而没有减去减少的工程量所对应的造价。 , involved in the construction drawing and settlement are many building materials and construction machinery and equipment, to make each type of material and equipment price is clearly more difficult, quota can clear out the part of the price of the materials and equipment, this led to the material balance out of control. In addition, building construction process engineering change often occur, and not enough budget personnel to the actual construction situation, lead to settlement only increase in the cost of the project quantity, and no minus the corresponding cost will be reduced quantities. 　　1.4施工过程中的造价控制不充分 1.4 in the process of construction cost control is not sufficient 　　以往，工程造价的预算管理往往仅在设计阶段得到重视，而在施工阶段被忽略。实际上，建筑工程的施工过程中经常要面对施工地点、施工人员、施工环境和条件的变化，强化施工过程中的造价控制才是防止超预算问题的重点和难点。目前，一些单位在工程施工阶段的造价造价管理流于形式，过于简单和程式化，尚未实现全面、深入的造价管理，没有对超预算局部提起重视和及时采取控制措施。 In the past, the project cost budget management often only get all the attention in the design phase, and in construction stage are ignored. In fact, the construction process of construction projects often have to face the construction site, construction personnel, construction environment and conditions change, strengthen the construction process of cost control is the key a