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Electrical Power Cable Engineering edited by William A.Thue Washington,D.C.MARCEL DEKKER,INC.D E K K E R NEW YORK-BASEL Copyright 1999 by Marcel Dekker,Inc.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Electrical power cable engineering/edited by William A.Thue p.cm.-(Power engineering;7)includes index.ISBN 0-8247-9976-3(alk.paper)1.Electric cables.I.Thue,William A.11.Series.TK3351.E45 1999 62 1.3 1 9 3 4 4 2 1 98-4 1244 CIP This book is printed on acid-free paper.Headquarters Marcel Dekker,Inc.270 Madison Avenue,New York,NY 10016 tel:2 12-696-9000:fax:212-685-4540 Eastern Hemisphere Distribution Marcel Dekker AG Hutgasse 4,Postfach 812,CH-4001 Basel,Switzerland tel:44-6 1-26 1-8482;fax:44-6 1-26 1-8896 World Wide Web http:/www.dekker,com The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities.For more information,write to Special Sales/Professional Marketing at the headquarters address above.Copyright 8 1999 by Marcel Dekker,Inc.All Rights Reserved.Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical,including photocopying,microfilming,and recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system,without permission in writing fiom the publisher.Current printing(last digit)10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Copyright 1999 by Marcel Dekker,Inc.Power engineering is the oldest and most traditional of the various areas within electrical engineering,yet no other facet of modem technology is currently undergoing a more dramatic revolution in both technology and industry structure.Among the technologies of growing importance for the 21st century are high,medium,and low voltage power cables.They have become a staple of modem power systems engineering,in which underground transmission and distribution(T&D)systems-out of sight and out of the way-have become the only acceptable way of providing electrical service in urban areas that meets customer expectations for reliable service and low esthetic impact.For a number of years there has been a surprising lack of good books on up-to-date cable engineering practices.William Thues Elecrrical Power Cable Engineering certainly fills this gap,with a thorough,well-organized treatment of modem power cable technologies and practices.The book focuses particularly on the medium and low voltage cables,voltage levels that form the bulk of underground systems and which provide the reliable distribution link so necessary to the high quality service demanded by todays electric consumers.At both the introductory and advanced levels,this book provides an above-average level of insight into the materials,design,manufacturing,testing,and perfom.ance expectations of electric power cable.As the editor of the Power Engineering Series,I am proud to include Electrical Power Cable Engineering in this important series of books.Like all the books planned for Marcel Dekker,Inc.s Power Engineering Series,William Thues book treats modem power technology in a context of proven,practical application and is useful as a reference book as well as for self-study and advanced classroom use.The Power Engineering Series will eventually include books covering the entire field of power engineering,in all of its specialties and sub-genres,all aimed at providing practicing power engineers with the knowledge and techniques they need to meet the electric industrys challenges in the 2 1 st century.H.Lee Willis iii Copyright 1999 by Marcel Dekker,Inc.FOREWORD Electrical cable can be considered as just a conductor with an overlying insula-tion or an exterior shield or jacket.Perhaps with this naive,simplistic concept is part of the reason that cable engineering,especially for power cable,has been largely neglected in current electrical engineering education in the United States with its emphasis on computers,electronics,and communication.But power cable does electrically connect the world!The history,so interestingly presented in Chapter 1 of this book,shows how the subject evolved with both great suc-cess and sometimes unexpected failure.As this book emphasizes,cable engineering is technically very complex.Cer-tainly electrical,mechanical,and even to some extent civil engineering are involved in interrelated ways.Many other disciplines-physics,inorganic chemistry,organic(primarily polymer)chemistry,physical chemistry,metal-lurgy,corrosion and with tests and standards in all of these areas-are concerns.Of course,it is impossible in one book to deal with all of these aspects in a completely comprehensive way.However,the various components of power cables are discusseded here with sufficient detail to provide an understanding of the basic considerations in each area.Reference to detailed sources provides a means for those with greater interest to pursue specific subjects.The importance of factors involved in different types of cable installation is stressed.Long vertical cable runs have special problems.I