电力供应与分配.pdf

ARMY TM 5-811-1AIR FORCE AFJMAN 32-1080ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLYAND DISTRIBUTIONAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE;DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITEDDEPARTMENTS OF THE ARMY,AND THE AIR FORCEFEBRUARY 1995REPRODUCTION AUTHORIZATION/RESTRICTIONSThis manual has been prepared by or for the Government and,except to the extent indicated below,is public property and notsubject to copyright.Copyrighted material included in the manual has been used with theknowledge and permission of the proprietors and is acknowledged assuch at point of use.Anyone wishing to make further use of anycopyrighted material,by itself and apart from this text,should seeknecessary permission directly from the proprietors.Reprint or republication of this manual should include a creditsubstantially as follows:“Joint Departments of the Army and AirForce,TM 5-811-1/AFJMAN 32-1080,Electrical Power Supply andDistribution,28 February 1995.If the reprint or republication includes copyrighted material,thecredit should also state:“Anyone wishing to make further use ofcopyrighted material,by itself and apart from this text,should seeknecessary permission directly from the proprietor.”iATM 5-811-1/AFJMAN 32-1080TECHNICAL MANUALHEADQUARTERSNO.5-811-1DEPARTMENTS OF THE ARMYAIR FORCE JOINT MANUALAND THE AIR FORCENO.32-1080WASHINGTON,DC,28 February 1995ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTIONParagraphPageCHAPTER1.GENERALPurpose.1-11-1Scope.1-21-1References.1-31-1Standards and Codes.1-41-1Power Supply Design Criteria.1-51-1Electrical Power Sytems.1-61-1Design Procedures.1-71-2Evaluation and Selection of Energy Systems.1-81-2Design Analysis.1-91-4Service Conditions.1-101-5Explanation of Abbreviations and Terms.1-111-6CHAPTER2.ELECTRICAL POWER REQUIREMENTSGeneral.2-12-1Load Estimation.2-22-1CHAPTER3.VOLTAGE SELECTIONGeneral.3-13-1System Voltage Classifications.3-23-1Selection of Primary Distribution Voltage for New Installations.3-33-1Selection of Primary Distribution Voltage for Existing Installations.3-43-2Commercial Power for Air Force Installations.3-53-3Selection of Primary Distribution Voltage for Air Force Installations.3-63-3CHAPTER4.MAIN ELECTRIC SUPPLY STATIONS/SUBSTATIONSProvisions.4-14-1Ownership.4-24-2Station Designation and Elements.4-34-2Main Electric Supply Station/Substation.4-44-2Environmental Aspects.4-54-3Incoming Line Switching Equipment.4-64-4Substation Equipment.4-74-6Miscellaneous Station Design Criteria.4-84-9Substation Equipment at Air Force Installations.4-94-13CHAPTER5.ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION LINESSelection.5-15-1Types of Underground Lines.5-25-1Types of Aerial Lines.5-35-1Voltage Drop.5-45-2Power Factor Correction.5-55-2Medium-Voltage Circuits.5-65-3Pad-Mounted Line Sectionalizing Equipment.5-75-7Joint Electrical/Communication Lines for Air Force Installation.5-85-7CHAPTER6.AERIAL DISTRIBUTION LINESGeneral.6-16-1Installation Considerations.6-26-1Conductors.6-36-1Poles.6-46-6Circuit Configurations.6-56-7Insulators.6-66-7Guying.6-76-12Miscellaneous Items.6-86-16Air Force Installations.6-96-20CHAPTER7.UNDERGROUND DISTRIBUTION LINESGeneral.7-17-1Cable.7-27-1Duct Lines.7-37-6_*This manual supersedes TM 5-811-1/AFM 88-9,Chapter 1,dated 12 September 1984APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE;DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITEDTM 5-811-1/AFJMAN 32-1080iiParagraphPage Manholes,Handholes,and Pullboxes.7-47-7Direct-Burial Cable Installations.7-57-10CHAPTER8.TRANSFORMER INSTALLATIONSDefinitions.8-18-1Installation of Distribution-to-Utilization Voltage Transformers.8-28-1Installation of Transmission-to-Distribution Voltage Transformers.8-38-4Transformer Dielectrics.8-48-7Transformer Characteristics.8-58-8Amorphous Metal-Core Transformers.8-68-12Transformers at Air Force Installations.8-78-12CHAPTER9.SURGE PROTECTION AND GROUNDINGVoltage Surges and Potential Gradients.9-19-1Methods of Controlling Voltage Surges and Potential Gradients.9-29-1Ground Electrodes.9-39-5Grounding Details and Requirements.9-49-6CHAPTER10.ROADWAY AND AREA LIGHTINGGeneral.10-110-1Roadway Lighting Design.10-210-1Area Lighting Design.10-310-4Walkway and Bikeway Lighting Design.10-410-5Light Sources.10-510-5Lighting Control and Wiring System.10-610-6CHAPTER11.SECURITY LIGHTINGGeneral.11-111-1Authorization.11-211-1Use of Security Lighting Systems.11-311-1Types of Areas to be Lighted.11-411-1Lighting Guidelines.11-511-2Light Sources.11-611-4Electrical Power Sources.11-711-4Luminaries.11-811-5Wiring and Control.11-911-5Field Measurement.11-1011-6APPENDIXA.REFERENCESA-1B.SIZING OF DISTRIBUTION TYPE TRANSFORMERS FOR FAMILY HOUSING UNITSB-1GLOSSARYList of FiguresPageFigure1-1.Primary Distribution Arrangements Commonly Used.1-32-1.Illustration of Diversity Factor Application.2-22-2.Monthly Electric Cost Computation.2-34-1.Converting Utility Company Short-Circuit MVA to Current.4-44-2.Example of Sizing Substation Transformer Capacity.4-74-3.Single-Line of Primary Unit Substation with Two Transformers.4-84-4.Circuit Breaker Interrupting Rating Approximation.4-94-5.Primary Unit Substation,46 kV Minimum.4-144-6.Main Electri