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2023
英语
基数
序数词
区别
用法
英语中基数词与序数词的区别和用法
篇一:英语基数词和序数词专题
数词
一、基数词和序数词〔cardinal and ordinal numbers〕: 基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序。
1. 基数词
〔1〕1-12 特别记; 13-19 要加-teen;几十-ty做结尾;几十几更易记。
〔2〕留意13 thirteen, 15 fifteen, 18 eighteen, 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty的书写。
〔3〕hundred 百, thousand 千,million 百万, billion十亿的用法类似e.g.
Hundred: one/ two/several hundred; hundreds of … 成百上千…
2. 序数词:
〔1〕基数词变序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,结尾加上-th;一、
二、三特数记;八去t,九去e;-ve要用-f替;单词-ty做结尾,变-y为i,再加-eth.
〔2〕留意1 first, 2second , 3third, 5 fifth, 8 eighth, 9 ninth的拼写。
二、分数、小数、百分数〔fracctions、Decimals、Percentage〕
1.分数:
分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,中间的连字号可用不可用。当分子大于1时,作分母的序数词用复数方式。e.g.
二分之一 a/one-half 三分之一 a/one third
四分之一 a/one-fourth 二又五分之一 two and one-fifth
2.小数:
读法:在小数点后,我们单独读出每个数字。小数点读作point。
小数点中的零读作zero, nought或o// e.g.
.3 point three 7.145 seven point one four five
36.36 thirty-six point three six
3. 百分数
百分数用基数词或小数与百分号两局部构成。e.g.
20% twenty percent47% forty-seven percent
30.45% thirty point four five percent
三、日期和年份的表示〔date and year〕
on May 27 读作:On May (the) twenty-seventh
on 27th May 读作:On the twenty-seventh of May
in 1993 读作:in nineteen thirty-three
in 20ll 读作:in two thousand and eleven
四、时间和钟点表示:
7:15 读作 seven fifteen / a quarter past seven
5:30 读作 five thirty/half past five
6:55 读作 six fifty-five /five(minutes) to seven
9:10 读作 nine ten a.m.
at 8:00 读作 at eight 或 at eight o’clock
五、年龄表示:
1. 基数词+表示年龄单位的词+old, 口语中常可省略years old. e.g. The girl is only three (years old.)
2. age(名词或动词) She was then forty years of age. /she was then
aged forty(years).
“at the age of +基数词〞表示“在…岁时〞,通常作状语。e.g. Julie can swim at the age of eight.
3.“基数词-year-old〞的复合描述词,意为“…岁的〞,一般作定语修饰名词。e.g.
Sandy is a six-year-old child.
4. in one’s +整十基数词的复数方式:这一构造表示“在某人几十多岁时“。e.g.
My grandfathr died in his nineties.
teens 表示 “十多岁〞〔13-19岁〕。e.g.
The boy was in his teens. 这男孩只有十多岁。
He is not yet out of his teens. 他还不满20岁。
六、数学运算表达〔Arithmetic Expressuib 〕
Add 3 and 9. 3 plus 9 equals/is 13
Subtract 3 from 9. 9 minus 3 equals/is 6.
Multiply 3 by 9. 3 multiplied by 9 equals/is 9
Divide 9 by 3 9 divided by 3 equals/is 3.
+plus(介词)/ -minus (介词) / × multiplied(描述词性质的过去分词) / ÷ divided (描述词性质的过去分词)
+add(动词)/ -subtract(动词) / × multiply(动词) / ÷ divide(动词)
【易错点提示】
1. 分数和百分数做主语时,谓语的单复数取决其后面of构造中的名
词。留意区别下面两句话:
2. 基数词能够用在有连字符的合成描述词中,留意其中的名词前无冠词。e.g.
a two-day holiday=two days’ holiday
a ten-minute walk=ten minutes’ walk
有连词符的复合描述词在剧中只能充当定语,不能作表语。
3. 在20世纪30年代:in the 1930s
在30年代:in the 30s
在某人30几岁时:in one’s thirties
4. 留意下面的不同表达方式:
Lesson Twelve = the Twelfth Lesson
Gate Five= The Fifth Gate
Class one/Grade〔Two〕two=the ninth grade/ page nine/ Room 401/Channel Eight
5. 序数词在表示地名时的用法: Fifth Avenue 〔序数词前无冠词〕
6. 序数词用在奖项前面的用法:win first prize (序数词前无冠词)
7. 序数词表示在原来数字的根底上的 “再、又〞的用法:
I have had two cakes. I want to have a third one.
8. 一次:once两次:twice 三次: three times
9. 倍数的表达:
〔1〕“倍数+描述词/副词的比较级+than〞表示“比大几倍〞e.g.This rope is three times longer than that one.
〔2〕“倍数+as+描述词/副词+as〞表示“是的几倍〞e.g.
It is five times as big as Europe.
The poison of the killer bee is twice as dangerous as the poison of other bees.
〔3〕“倍数+表度量的名词〔size,length,width〕+of〞表示“是的几倍〞。e.g.
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
【真题典藏】
1. Linton is interested in Chinese history and this is his _____ visit to Beijing. (four) (2023年第61题)
2. Eric, the _______ son of the family, has a special interest in physics.(three) (2023年中考题59题)
3.Alex is ______ years old and is taken good care of in the kindergarten. 〔fourth〕(2023年中考题58题)
【实战演练】
1.The TV news reported the celebration of the old man’s _______birthday. (hundred )
2. Could you tell me if you live on the ______floor of that highrise (twelve)
3. Please open your book at page________. Let’s read the text. (fifth)
篇二:基数词与序数词的用法
基数词与序数词的用法
基数词
A.从1——10one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.
B.从 11——19eleven,twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nineteen.
这里除 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, eighteen为特别方式外,
fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数方式后添加后缀-teen构成。
C.从 21——99
整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特别方式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数方式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词方式之间添加连字符“-〞
21 twenty-one76 seventy-six
D.百位数 648 six hundred and forty-eight
E.千位数以上 ,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight
F.基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数方式;但是,当基数词表示不确切数字,如成百、成千上万,三三两两时,基数词那么以复数方式出现。
There are hundreds of people in the hall. 里有数以百计的人。
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day. 每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆。 They went to the theatre in twos and threes. 他们三三两两地来到了剧院。
G.表示人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数方式表示。
He became a professor in his thirties.
他三十多岁时成为了教授。
基数词变序数词的口诀
基变序,有规律,
词尾加上th,(fourth,sixth)
一,二,三,特别例,
结尾字母t,d,d;(first,second,third)
八去t,九去e,(eighth,ninth)
ve要用f替;(fifth,twelfth)
ty将y改成i,
th前面有个e;
假设要碰到几十几,
前用基来后用序。
1st(first) , 2nd (second) , 3rd (third), 4th (fourth), 5th (fifth), 6th (sixth), 7th (seventh), 8th (eighth), 9th (n