海明威《丧钟为谁而鸣》的生态女性主义解读文学专业.docx

Acknowledgements Thanks for giving me this chance to acknowledge all those people who help me complete this paper. First, my deepest thank and respect go to my supervisor Wang Fan, for she giving me much help and instruction. Then thank Hemingway for his outstanding work For Whom the Bell Tolls. Especially thank my friends and roommates, who give many suggestions on organizing my paper and check my mistakes. Abstract In recent years, Ecofeminism has become more and more popular. For Whom the Bell Tolls, was written by Hemingway, an American writer. Meanwhile, more and more scholars have begun to do research about it from many different perspectives, such as Heroism, suicide, outlook of war, etc. This paper, based on the theory of “ecofeminism” is to explore the relationship of human and nature, including the relationship between man and woman, the caring ethics between woman and nature. It is divided into four parts. The first part is a brief introduction of For Whom the Bell Tolls, and the author Hemingway. The second part introduces the theory of “ecofeminism” and three characteristics of the theory. And will give a brief introduction of ecofeminism, to provide some background information as the theoretical foundation for the analysis of the novel. In the third part, it analyzes the formation of Hemingway’s ecofeministic sensibility. It reviews the experience of Hemingway, and traces the roots of his unique experience. The fourth part is the analysis of For Whom the Bell Tolls from the theory, focusing on the harmonious male-female relationship and harmonious human-nature relationship. The fifth part is a conclusion of the analysis. The study of For Whom the Bell Tolls could help us gain a new sight with the relationship between man and woman, and between human and nature. Key Words: For Whom the Bell Tolls; Hemingway; Ecofeminism 摘 要 近几年来，生态女性主义越来越受欢迎。与此同时，越来越多的学者开始从不同的角度研究《丧钟为谁而鸣》。《丧钟为谁而鸣》一书是海明威写的一部长篇小说。国内外有很多学者试从英雄主义、自杀主义、战争观等不同角度对此小说进行了解读。 本论文将基于生态女性主义理论，从人与自然的关系、男性与女性之间的关系以及女性与自然之间的相似性三个主要因素剖析这部小说。主要分为五个部分： 第一部分，对作品及作者进行简要的介绍； 第二部分，阐述生态女性主义理论和发展历程以及生态女性主义的三个特点； 第三部分，影响海明威生态主义意识形成的因素，海明威的生活经历以及海明威生态女性主义的根源； 第四部分，关于《丧钟为谁而鸣》中生态女性主义分析，着重分析和谐的男性与女性之间、人类与自然界的和谐关系； 第五部分，总结全文。 关键词：《丧钟为谁而鸣》; 海明威; 生态女性主义 Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction of the Plot 1 2. Literature Review 3 2.1 Theory of Ecofeminism 4 2.2 Development of “Ecofeminism” 4 2.3 Characteristics of Ecofemnism 5 2.3.1 Multivariant Inclusion 5 2.3.2 Integral Association 5 2.3.3 Care Ethics 6 3. The Formation of Hemingway’s Ecofemnistic Sensibility 6 3.1 Hemingway and His Mother 6 3. 2 Hemingway and His Wives 7 4. Ecofeminism Analysis of For Whom the Bell Tolls 9 4.1 Integral Association in For Whom the Bell Tolls 12 4.2 Care Ethics in For Whom the Bell Tolls 13 5. Conclusion 14 Bibliography 16 Analysis on For Whom the Bell Tolls from the Perspective of Ecofeminism 1. Introduction This part will be an introduction of the plot and author, Hemingway of For Whom The Bell Tolls. 1.1 Introduction of the Plot For Whom the Bell Tolls is issued in May 1937, at the height of the Spanish Civil War. An American man named Robert Jordan, who has left the United States to enlist on the Republican side in the war, travels behind enemy lines to work with Spanish guerrilla fighters, or guerrilleros, hiding in the mountains. The Republican command has assigned Robert Jordan the dangerous and difficult task of blowing up a Fascist-controlled bridge as part of a larger Republican offensive operation. Anselmo guides Robert Jordan to the guerrilla camp. Along the way, they encounter Pablo, the leader who greets Robert Jordan with hostility and opposes the bridge operation because he believes it endangers the guerrilleros’ safety. Robert Jordan suspects that Pablo may betray. At the camp, Robert Jordan meets Pilar, the real leader of the band of guerrilleros. A rapport quickly develops between Robert Jordan and Pilar. During the course of the evening, Robert Jordan meets the six other inhabitants of the camp: The camp also shelters Maria, whom a band of Fascists raped not long before. Robert Jordan and Maria are immediately drawn to each other. Jordan and Anselmo leave the camp to scout out the bridge. Pablo publicly announces that neither he nor his guerrilleros will help blow up the bridge. Pilar and the others disagree. That night, Maria comes out to join Robert Jordan as he sleeps outside. They profess love for each other and make love. The next morning, Pilar leads Robert Jordan through the forest to consult with El Sordo, about the bridge operation. They take Maria along. El Sordo agrees to help with the mission, both he and Robert Jordan are troubled by the fact that the bridge must be blown in daylight On the way back to camp, Robert Jordan and Maria make love in the forest. When they catch up with Pilar, Maria confesses to Pilar that the earth moved as they made love. Pilar, impressed, s