细胞的呼吸(Cellular-Respiration).ppt

What happens to Glucose made in Photosynthesis?What is the chemical formula for glucose?C6H12O6 Remember the formula that shows glucose sugar is made by plants during photosynthesis:6 CO2+6 H2O C6H12O6+6 O2 sunlight Glucose molecules contain a lot of Energy in chemical bonds holding the carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen together.We can think of glucose made in photosynthesis as a “Bank”for energy storage(but it cant be directly used)The big question is:How can we get the energy out of glucose(out of the bank)so it can be USED by cells?THE ENERGY CAN BE REMOVED IN ONE OF TWO WAYS.Which way depends on whether there is _ present.Energy Removal Method#1:Aerobic Cellular Respiration(using oxygen)Energy Removal Method#2:Anaerobic Respiration(Fermentation)(no oxygen present)oxygen Aerobic Cellular Respiration Formula:C6H12O6+6 O2 6 CO2+6 H2O+ATP energy The process of converting food energy into ATP energy,used by all living organisms.The process of aerobic cellular respiration takes place in organelles called _.Mitochondria _.Why not break down glucose directly for energy?Glucose 90 times more energy than 1 ATP.But,if cells broke down glucose for energy,too much energy would be released and the rest would be wasted as heat.Mitochondria Absorb glucose and turn it into ATP What is ATP?Adenosine Triphosphate 5-Carbon sugar(Ribose)Nitrogenous base(Adenine)3 Phosphate groups Energy currency for living cells The chemical bonds that link the phosphate groups together are high energy bonds When a phosphate group is removed to form ADP and P,a small packet of energy is released(just enough for cellular activities)ATP is used to _.Move muscles,send signals through your brain,digest your food Synthesize molecules for growth and reproduction Move materials in and out of cells As ATP is broken down,it gives off usable energy to power chemical work and some nonuseable energy as heat.Mitochondria are called the “Powerhouses of the Cell”because they produce so much useful energy!There are _ of mitochondria in each cell:Aerobic Respiration produces _ of ATP energy.With lots of ATP,you can grow a _ and _.A large body is made of many cells(multicellular)that need lots of energy to“talk”to each other.dozens LOTS large body move very fast 1 glucose 36/38 ATP Aerobic Cellular Respiration This method requires _-its why we need to breathe it in.If we exercise _,we force our body to do cell respiration faster than it really can,so we go into“_”and have to _ to get oxygen into our bodies ASAP!oxygen too fast Oxygen Debt pant Energy Removal Method#2:Anaerobic Respiration(Fermentation)(no oxygen)If oxygen is missing,(ex _).The energy in glucose can be turned into a _ in the cytoplasm of some cells.Without oxygen and so little ATP,these organisms can only make enough energy to power a _(a very small,single-celled body,like bacteria)_ or become multicellular because they dont have enough _ to allow many cells to“talk”to each other in one body.Many of these organisms _ Anaerobic respiration is the only way they can get any energy.In mud at bottom of pond,your intestines A small amount of ATP(1glucose 2 ATP)Unicellular body Anaerobes cant move fast energy dont even have mitochondria (occurs in cytoplasm)Anaerobic Respiration:Uses of Fermentation by People Production of Yogurt:Bacteria ferment milk and produce lactic acid which curdles the milk.Production of Alcoholic beverages:Yeast ferment sugars to produce ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.Production of Bread:These can be called Lactic Acid or Alcoholic fermentation.Lactic Acid Fermentation in Human Muscle Cells When exercising vigorously,you may not get enough oxygen to your muscle cells.Your muscle cells will begin to produce ATP energy by which method?Anaerobic Respiration(no oxygen)What happens in your muscle cells?Produces lactic acid,causes pain and soreness,oxygen debt This is called _.How is this repaid?Breathing in oxygen will allow cells to build up ATP,get rid of lactic acid and turn it back into glucose.Lactic Acid Fermentation SUMMARY Glucose must be turned into _ to allow cells to _.ATP can be produced in _:1._-Produces _ of ATP.Made in _,Requires _.(breathing)2._-Produces _ ATP Made in the _,Makes some _ for us.ATP Use the energy in glucose One of Two Ways Aerobic Cellular Respiration LOTS Mitochondria oxygen Anaerobic Respiration(Fermentation)little cytoplasm Foods(bread,alcohol)dextrose Extra Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from atmosphere,and cellular repiration puts it back.Three products of light-dependent reactions:ATP,NADPH and O2.Vein:transport H2O and nutrient.