法学专业 检察机关提起环境行政公益诉讼程序研究.doc

目录 引言 1 一、我国检察机关提起环境行政公益诉讼程序规定现状及问题 2 （一） 我国检察机关提起环境行政公益诉讼程序规定现状 2 （二）我国检察检察机关提起环境行政公益诉讼现有程序规定存在的问题 4 1、诉讼管辖不明确 4 2、诉前程序不完善 5 3、举证责任不合理 5 4、诉讼处分权模糊 6 二、我国检察机关提起环境行政公益诉讼程序适用的司法实践 7 （一）我国检察机关提起环境行政公益诉讼程序规定的实践情况概述 7 （二）检察机关提起环境行政公益诉讼适用程序的典型案例分析 7 1、 个案比对 7 2、 类案归纳 8 （三）司法实践中存在的程序问题 9 1、检察机关提起环境行政公益诉讼判决形式及执行保障问题 9 2、诉讼时效问题 10 3、受案范围问题 10 三、域外类似制度适用程序的比对借鉴 11 （一）与美国公民诉讼制度的程序比对借鉴 11 （二）与英国公民诉讼制度的程序比对借鉴 12 （三）与德国团体诉讼制度的程序比对借鉴 12 （四）与法国越权之诉制度的程序比对借鉴 13 四、完善检察机关提起环境行政公益诉讼程序的建议 15 （一）提起诉讼前的程序完善 15 1、适当扩大环境行政公益诉讼程序的受案范围 15 2、明确环境行政公益诉讼案件管辖 17 3、完善环境行政公益诉讼诉前程序设置 17 （二）环境行政公益诉讼案件审理过程中程序的完善 19 1、优化举证责任的分配 19 2、明确检察机关对法院裁判的抗诉权 21 3、依法确定检察机关的诉讼处分权 21 （三）环境行政公益诉讼案件判决执行程序的完善 22 结论 23 参考文献 24 内容摘要 公益诉讼来源于经济学界一个著名的实验-“公地悲剧”。在实验中，划分给私人的土地得到很好地规划使用，而公有的土地因为不属于任何人而被过度耕种。由此可见，名为公有的资源，非但得不到公众妥善的保护，反而被过度使用甚至是掠夺。公地悲剧在我国突出表现为国有资产的流失、生态破坏、环境污染等方面。相关行政机关如果在上述情况下乱作为或者怠于履职，国家利益和社会公共利益将持续处于受到侵害的状态，行政公益诉讼制度就是为解决这一问题而诞生的。 2015年7月，部分省市的检察机关开始进行公益诉讼试点工作。2017年6月，全国人大常委会修改了行政诉讼法，正式确立了行政公益诉讼制度。对于有监督管理职能的行政机关乱作为或者不作为导致国家利益、社会公共利益受到损害时，可以用行政公益诉讼制度来救济。 在行政诉讼法确定的行政公益诉讼制度的四大领域中，无论是理论研究还是办案实践，环境行政公益诉讼案件无疑是重点。近年来，经济高速发展带来的负面影响之一就是环境保护压力越来越大，环境问题已经严重影响了民众的日常生活和身心健康，也越来越受到国家和立法层面的关注。根据权力运行的规律，行政权如果不受到监督，则存在被滥用的风险。在这样的背景条件下，环境行政公益诉讼制度应运而生。公益诉讼工作试点以来，检察机关办理的环境公益诉讼案件数量超过了公益诉讼办案总数量的一半以上，而这其中又以环境行政公益诉讼案件为主，其重要性不言自明。 环境行政公益诉讼案件在保护环境公共利益、促进行政机关依法行政等方面发挥了重要的作用，但是应当看到，我国的行政公益诉讼制度尚不成熟，尤其是在诉讼程序的法律规定和运行层面都出现了不少问题，亟待解决和完善。为此，笔者从环境行政公益诉讼案件的诉讼前、诉讼中以及诉后执行等程序方面提出了改进的建议，以期对完善行政公益诉讼制度有所帮助。 关键词：环境行政公益诉讼，程序研究，存在不足，域外经验，改进建议 Abstract Public interest litigation is derived from the economics profession a famous experiment - "tragedy of the Commons". In the experiments, divided to private land to get a good plan to use, and the public land because they don't belong to anyone over farming. Thus, called the public resource, not only can not get proper protection, public overuse or even plunder instead. Tragedy of the Commons in our country outstanding performance for the loss of state-owned assets, ecological destruction and environmental pollution, etc. Relevant administrative organs if under such circumstances as or delayed in the rite, national interests and social public interest will continue in the condition of are violated, the administrative public interest litigation system is born for solving this problem. In July 2015, some provinces and cities of the procuratorial organs to public welfare lawsuit and non-lawsuit pilot work. In June 2017, the standing committee of the National People's Congress changed the administrative procedure law, establish the administrative public interest litigation system formally. For supervision and management function of the administrative organs as or not as a result in damage to the state interests, public interests, the administrative public interest litigation system can be used in relief. Administrative public interest litigation system established in the administrative procedure law of the four domains, both theoretical research and working practice, the environmental administrative public interest litigation cases is the key. In recent years, the rapid economic development is one of the negative effects of the environmental protection pressure is more and more big, the environmental issue has seriously affected the People's Daily life and health of body and mind, is becoming more and more attention by the state and the legislative level. According to the rule of power, executive power if not supervised, there is the risk of abuse. In this background conditions, the system of environmental administrative public interest litigation arises at the historic moment. Experiment, the public welfare lawsuit procuratorial organ to handle more than the number of environmental public interest litigation cases, more than half of the total number of cases, which is given priority to with environmental administrative public interest litigation cases, its importance is self-evident. Environmental administrative public interest litigation cases in the protection of the environment, promote the administrative organ in accordance with the administrative public interest plays an important role, but should see, administrative public interest litigation system in our country is still immature, especially in the aspect of procedure law and running are a lot of problems, need to be addressed and improved. To this end, the author from before the litigation of environmental administrative public interest litigation cases. Lawsuit and v. on such procedural aspects as executed after improvement Suggestions were put forward, in order to help improve the system of administrative public interest litigation. Key words: Environmental administrative public interest litigation，Program research，Shortage of place，Outside experience，Suggestions for improvement 引言 环境行政公益诉讼与传统诉讼不同，其属于公益诉讼范畴，又属于行政诉讼的范畴，即公益诉讼与行政诉讼的交集，是经济社会发展到一定阶段的必然产物。经过40周年的改革开放，我国经济社会发展取得前所未有的巨大成就。同时，我们也看到在前期GDP高速增长的过