2023年绿色贸易壁垒对我国贸易的影响和对策.docx

绿色贸易壁垒对我国贸易的影响和对策 绿色贸易壁垒对我国出口贸易的影响及对策 。近年来，伴随着全球经济的增长，环境污染日益严重，环境恶化问题已成为各国关注的重要问题之一。同时，随着国际贸易自由化的开展，传统的关税壁垒等一些原有贸易保护措施的作用日益削弱。于是，在国际贸易中，各国以保护环境为名行贸易保护之实的绿色贸易壁垒逐渐兴起并日渐加强。我国在参加wto后，在对外贸易中将不可防止的遭遇绿色贸易壁垒，这就要求我们全面客观地看待绿色贸易壁垒，适应绿色贸易壁垒，并学会利用绿色贸易壁垒，以在促进我国对外贸易的可持续开展。本文深入我国出口贸易现状，介绍国际贸易中绿色贸易壁垒的主要内容、形式及其根本特点，了解这种贸易壁垒对我国出口贸易多方面的影响，然后再从可持续开展的目的出发，提出了我国出口行业应对绿色贸易壁垒的一系列策略与措施。 关键词：绿色贸易壁垒；出口贸易；对策 i influenceongreentradeprotectionismtoexporttradein chinaandcountermeasure abstract：inrecentyears，followedtheglobaleconomicgrowth，theenvironmentalpollutionisbeingdaybydayserious，theenvironmentaldeteriorationquestionhasbecomeoneofvariouscountries'attentionimportantquestions.atthesametime，alongwiththeinternationaltradeliberalization'sdevelopment，thetraditionaltariffbarrierandsoonsomeoriginaltradeprotectivemeasures'functionweakensdaybyday.therefore，intheinternationaltrade，variouscountriestakeprotectstheenvironmenttoemergegraduallyrealityofasthegoodtradeprotectiongreentradeprotectionismandtostrengthendayafterday.ourcountryafterjoiningwto，intheforeigntradetheinevitablebitterexperiencegreentradeprotectionism，thiswillrequestustoregardthegreentradeprotectionismobjectivelycomprehensively，theadaptationgreentradeprotectionism，andtheacademicsocietyusesthegreentradeprotectionism，byispromotingourcountryforeigntradesustainabledevelopment.thisarticlepenetratesourcountryexporttradepresentsituation，introducesintheinternationaltradethegreentradeprotectionismprimarycoverage，theformandtheessentialfeature，understoodthatthiskindoftradeprotectionismtoourcountryexporttradevariousinfluence，thenembarkedagainfromsustainabledevelopment'sgoal，proposedourcountryexportprofessiondealtwiththegreentradeprotectionismaseriesofstrategiesandthemeasure. keywords：greentradeprotectionism；exporttrade；countermeasure ii 目录 一、绿色贸易壁垒概述·····································································································1 （一）绿色贸易壁垒的起源·················································································1 （二）绿色贸易壁垒的总体特征·········································································2 （三）绿色贸易壁垒的表现形式·········································································3 （四）绿色贸易壁垒的开展趋势·········································································5 二、绿色贸易壁垒对我国出口贸易的影响····································································6 （一）对我国国际竞争力的影响·········································································6 （二）对我国污染产业转移的影响·····································································8 （三）对我国企业海外投资的影响·····································································9 （四）对我国政府法制建设和宏观管理体制的影响·········································9 三、我国突破绿色贸易壁垒面临的问题·····································································2023 （一）结构问题···································································································2023 （二）法律、制度问题·······················································································11 四、我国应对绿色贸易壁垒的对策·············································································12 （一）以政府为主的宏观管理对策···································································12 （二）以企业为主的微观对策···········································································15参考文献···························································································································18后 记·······························································································错误。未定义书签。 iii 一、绿色贸易壁垒概述 （一）绿色贸易壁垒的起源1.绿色贸易壁垒的含义 所谓绿色贸易壁垒，它是指在国际贸易领域，一些国家凭借其科技优势，以保护环境和人类健康为目的，通过立法或制订严格的强制性技术法规，对国外商品进行准入限制的贸易壁垒。对于绿色堡垒这个问题，主要有两种不同观点。一种观点认为，绿色贸易壁垒是一种新的贸易保护措施。持这种观点的人认为，绿色贸易壁垒是指进口国以保护自然资源、保护环境和人类健康为由，对来自国外的产品进行限制的手段和措施。由于这些措施，限制了有关产品的自由贸易，通常是一国对来自其他国家和地区的产品设置障碍，限制其进口，以防止和抑制他国产品对本国的冲击，从而实现保护本国市场的目的。因此绿色贸易壁垒是一种新兴的非关税贸易壁垒的贸易保护主义措施。[1]另一种观点认为，所谓绿色贸易壁垒只不过是技术贸易壁垒的一种形式，它是以在贸易中采取环境保护措施而出现的。持这种观点的人认为，对绿色贸易壁垒必须具体情况具体分析，不能一概而论，一方面，在国际贸易中加强环境管理，有利于保护环境，保护人类和动植物的健康和生命，它是世界贸易开展的趋势，反映了各国对环保的普遍重视，有其合理一面；另一方面，有些兴旺国家打着保护环境的幌子，其实是为了到达贸易保护的目的，从而构筑新的技术贸易壁垒，也就是所谓的绿色贸易壁垒。[2]2.绿色贸易壁垒产生的背景 绿色壁垒起因于全球日益严重的生态灾难。随着经济全球化开展，生产力水平的不断提高，人类在最大限度的满足自身物质、文化需要的同时，也使得世界各个角落都面临着日益严重的生态危机。在日渐频繁、广泛的国际交往中，严重的环境污染超越了国与国之间的地理界限。对全人类的生存前景提出了严峻的挑战；治理污染、保护环境成为一种不可阻挡的全球性开展潮流。为了人类的生存和可持续开展，保护地球环境成为人类首要问题之一。于是出于保护生态环境和人类平安的需要，就出现了绿色壁垒。可以说在初期，绿色壁垒的形成主要是出于保护生态环境和人类的平安的要求；同时，消费者环境意识提高和全球绿色消费运动的兴起也促进了绿色壁垒的开展。绿色贸易壁垒真正走向前台并扮演重要角色，是以1995年wto专门成立贸易与环境委员会为标志的，到1999年11月3 日，在美国西雅图召开的世贸组织部长会议上，各成员国就环境与贸易问题展开了广泛的讨论，从而使环境这道绝对的贸易壁垒车成为世界贸易中不能回避的现实问题，环境和贸易这两个原本在世界贸易史上不相干的问题被一条绿色的纽带联系在一起，绿色贸易壁垒随之盛行。 （二）绿色贸易壁垒的总体特征 绿色贸易壁垒具有明显的特征，即名义的合理性、形式的合法性、内容的广泛性和方式的隐蔽性。 1.名义的合理性 从绿色贸易壁垒含义的描述中可以了解到，绿色贸易壁垒是以保护世界资源、生态环境和人类的健康为名，实那么是出于政治、经济等方面的利益，对其他国家的产品进口实施贸易限制和制裁措施。随着社会经济的开展，人类越来越认识到了环境保护的问题。现在人们普遍关心生活质量，关注生态环境，环保消费的理性心理也在群众中逐步增强。绿色保护措施的呼声在消费者中呼声也