《弗兰肯斯坦》中怪物的精神演化过程分析.doc

郑州航空工业管理学院 毕 业 论 文（设 计） 2013 届 英语 专业 0907062 班级 题 目《弗兰肯斯坦》中怪物的精神演化过程分析 姓 名 吴延红 学号 090706223 指导教师 范晓航 职称 教授 二О一 三 年 五 月 二十六 日 Analysis on the Process of the Monster’s Spiritual Evolution in Frankenstein        By Wu Yanhong Supervisor: Fan Xiaohang     Department of Foreign Languages Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management May, 2013 内容摘要 玛丽·雪莱是十九世纪英国浪漫主义文学史上重要的作家,她的作品《弗兰肯斯坦》是著名的哥特小说之一,被认为是世界上第一部真正意义上的科幻小说。对《弗兰肯斯坦》的解读有很多,不少评论家从科学的危险性这一角度来讨论，也有人从女权主义角度进行研究，本文则着重对怪物的精神演化过程进行分析研究。 作者在序言中提到，写这篇小说受到达尔文生物研究的启发。作者所处的浪漫主义时代就是以进化论发展为背景。《弗兰肯斯坦》这篇小说其实就讲述着人这种生物的精神演化过程。怪物无名无姓，虽具人形，但还没有进化成一个真正的“人”。怪物既是弗兰肯斯坦的创造物，又是他的自我的创造物，本文主要分析了怪物在其短暂生命中经历的精神上的进化与沉沦，由渴望融入人类社会到转而报复人类的过程。本论文文分为三部分，第一部分写怪物的精神成长过程，怪物通过对自然，人类以及社会的理解和认同，崇尚人类社会的高尚美德，渴望融入人类社会，被人类接受，成为其中的一员。第二部分分析了怪物的精神沉沦，怪物一次次遭受无情打击，极度绝望下采取疯狂报复行为，最后因内心矛盾挣扎和痛苦而自杀。第三部分分析了影响他精神变化的因素，怪物本性单纯善良，但由于自我身份的缺失，社会的不认可以及父爱，亲情的缺失，促使怪物走向了极端。 关键词 《弗兰肯斯坦》；弗洛姆；精神进化 Abstract Mary Shelley is an important novelist in the history of British Romantic literature in the 19th century. Her work, Frankenstein, is one of the famous Gothic novels, and it was considered the first science fiction in the modern sense. There are many interpretations to Frankenstein. Many critics discuss it from the point of scientific danger, and someone from the viewpoint of feminism to research it. This thesis mainly focuses on the process of the monster’s spiritual evolution. As the author mentions in the preface, this story is inspired by Darwin’s biological research. In fact, the romantic era that the author lives in is on the background of the development of evolution. Frankenstein, in fact, is mainly about how the mental of human this organism evolute. In fact, the monster is nameless. Though he has the appearance of human, he doesn’t evolute into a true man. The monster is Frankenstein’s creation and is also the creation of himself. This thesis mainly analyses the monster’s spiritual evolution and destruction, from desiring to integrate into human society to taking revenge on the human. This thesis is divided into three parts. The first part analyses the monster’s spiritual growth process of the monster, by understanding the nature , the human and the human society, the monster advocates the noble virtues of human and desire to integrate into the human society. In the second part analyses the monster’s spiritual destruction. The monster suffers hits without mercy again and again, taking crazy disruptive behavior under extreme despair. Finally he commits suicide because of his inner contradiction struggle and suffering. The last part also emphatically analyzes the main factors that affect his mental changes. The monster’s nature is pure and innocent, but due to the lack of self-identify, being not recognizing by the society , and the lack of father’s love or affection from others, making the monster’s psychology is imbalance and prompting the monster’s behavior to go to the extreme. Key words: Frankenstein, Fromm, Spiritual evolution Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge and extend my heartfelt gratitude to those who help me to finish the thesis. First of all, during the time that I wrote this thesis, I got the help from many people, I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt thanks to my supervisor Fan Xiaohang, who helped me plan the thesis, gave me invaluable advice, and encouraged me the early stage of the thesis. Her patient help and timely encouragement are worthy of high acknowledgement. What’s more, she checked my thesis carefully and helped me revise the thesis and I could finish this paper . On the process of composing the paper,she also played an important role in indicating a bright road in my future writing. In addition, And I should also express my sincere gratitude to the other teachers in the Department of Foreign Languages, including Chen Jing, Liu Ruihong and so on. From whom I’ve learned a lot about professional knowledge and research methodology as well. Last but not least, my special thanks should go to my dear friends and classmates. They have given me sincere help and encouragement since the writing of the thesis was under way. iii Contents Abstract ( in Chinese).............................................................................i Abstract ( in English ).............................................................................ii Acknowledgements.................................................................................iv Introduction.............................................................................................1 1. The Monster’s Spiritual Growth........................................................3 1. 1 The Monster’s Understanding