2023年冠状病毒危机对工人影响冠状病毒初步调查结果.doc

冠状病毒危 机对工人影 响：冠状病毒初步调查结果 　The effects of the coronavirus crisis on workers 　Flash findings from the Resolution Foundation’s coronavirus survey 　16 May 2023 　Laura Gardiner & Hannah Slaughter 　The coronavirus crisis has hit workers hard: the numbers of those furloughed and those newly claiming Universal Credit illustrates the scale. To date, however, we have had very limited information about which types of people have been most affected. In this spotlight, we begin to fill this gap with flash findings from the Resolution Foundation’s new coronavirus survey. 　To begin, we find that nearly one-third of lower-paid employees have lost jobs or been furloughed, compared to less than one-in-ten top earners, with these experiences also more common among atypical employees. The Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme has been well-received by workers, with more than half of those furloughed happy about that outcome, perhaps in part because a fifth of them expect to remain on their full pay. The Government’s scheme for the self-employed is less well-understood, with three-in- ten workers that did some self-employed work prior to coronavirus believing they are ineligible for support. 　Turning to the future, over half of the group most likely to be working from home at present – higher earners – expect to work from home more after coronavirus than they did before. But more importantly, one-in-eight of those who are currently working thinks it likely that they will lose their job over the next three months. The stakes are high for many in today’s new world of work. 　In this spotlight, we present the first results from our new survey of working-age adults in the UK, which captures wide-ranging evidence on the effects that the coronavirus crisis has had on jobs, benefits, incomes, living situations and future expectations. Here, we focus on the labour market experience, and in particular how this differs across the earnings distribution. In future spotlights we will examine other areas such as labour market experience by age.1 　The survey was designed and commissioned by the Resolution Foundation, in partnership with the Health Foundation (although the views in this note are not necessarily those of the 　Heath Foundation). It was conducted using an online interview administered to members of the YouGov Plc UK panel, which is made up of 800,000+ individuals who have agreed to take part in surveys. The total sample size was 6,005 adults, aged 18-65 and fieldwork was undertaken during 6-11 May 2023. Figures presented here have been weighted and are representative of all GB adults (aged 18+) according to age, gender, and region.2 　Furloughing, and job and hours losses, are much more common experiences for lower- earning employees 　We first focus on the extent to which people who were in employee jobs before the coronavirus crisis have experienced changes associated with reductions in earnings and/or the amount of work being done. 　Figure 1 shows a clear gradient in jobs and hours losses, and furloughing, across the earnings distribution. Close to one-third (30 per cent) of the lowest-earning fifth of employees have been furloughed or lost their job, compared to less than one-in-ten (8 per cent) of the top fifth of employee earners pre-coronavirus. In contrast, the distribution of coronavirus-related hours losses (that are associated with pay reductions) by prior earnings level is much less stark.3 　Figure 1One-third of the lowest-paid fifth of employees have been furloughed, or lost jobs or hours 　Proportion of employees who have experienced job changes since the coronavirus outbreak, by employee earnings quintile prior to the outbreak: UK, 6-11 May 2023 　Notes: Base = all UK adults aged 18-65 who had an employee job prior to the coronavirus outbreak, and provided information on their usual earnings prior to the coronavirus outbreak (apart from for the ‘all employees’ category). Earnings quintiles are based on net (take-home) usual employee pay prior to the coronavirus outbreak. ‘Furloughed’ and ‘lost job’ relate to employees’ main job; ‘lost hours and pay due to coronavirus’ captures employees not in either of these first two groups who are working fewer hours than their usual hours before the coronavirus outbreak, which they state has happened for coronavirus-related reasons, and who have also experienced decreases in earnings. 　Source: RF analysis of YouGov, Adults aged 18 to 65 and the coronavirus (COVID-19). 　Overall, 15 per cent of employees had been furloughed from their main job in early May (a figure that rises to 21 per cent for private sector workers), while around 3 per cent of employees (a figure that rises to 4 per cent when the self-employed are included) had lost the main job they had prior to the coronavirus outbreak. 　In numerical terms, our survey suggests around 4.1 million of the UK’s 27.9 million employees (in December-February 2023) have been placed on furlough, somewhat lower than t