呼吸系统--组织学和胚胎学.ppt

Respiratory Respiratory systemsystem Respiratory system Nasal cavity,pharynx&larynx.Trachea&bronchi.Lung.一、一、trachea mucosa submucosa adventitia trachea trachea(HE)Mixed glandMixed gland EM:epithelium of trachea 4.Small granule C 1.Ciliated C 2.Brush C 3.Goblet C 5.Basal C The wall of trachea 1.1.Mucosa=epithelium+lamina propriaMucosa=epithelium+lamina propria pseudostratiated ciliated columnarpseudostratiated ciliated columnar Ciliated Ciliated C,goblet,goblet C,brush,brush C,basal basal C,small granular,small granular C.2.Submucosa=2.Submucosa=CT+mixed glandsmixed glands 3.Adventitia=163.Adventitia=16-20 20 C shaped shaped hayline hayline cartilage rings.cartilage rings.atmosphere&atmosphere&alveolialveoli alveoli&alveoli&blood blood (blood&tissue)(blood&tissue)Gas exchangeGas exchange bronchiole lung lung 二、二、lunglung Lung Low powerLow power lung parenchyma:bronchial trees&alveoli.parenchyma:bronchial trees&alveoli.Principal bronchi(Principal bronchi(Br)lobularlobular、segmental segmental Brsmaller smaller Brbronchiolebronchioleterminal bronchioleterminal bronchiolerespiratory bronchiolerespiratory bronchiolealveolar ductalveolar duct、alveolar sacalveolar sacalveoli.alveoli.Conduction portion:above terminal Conduction portion:above terminal bronchioles.bronchioles.Respiratory portion:respiratory Respiratory portion:respiratory bronchiole to alveoli.bronchiole to alveoli.Pulmonary lobulePulmonary lobule:bronchiole and it:bronchiole and its s ramifications.ramifications.Conduction portionConduction portion lobular Br&small Brlobular Br&small Br Epithelium Goblet C Glands Cartilage plate SMC Conduction portion bronchiole&terminal brochiole Simple ciliated columnar.Goblet C（）（）Gland （）（）Cartilage plate （）（）SMC Rules of structural variance in conducting portion Small BrSmall Br bronchiolbronchiole e Terminal Terminal bronchiolebronchiole Epi Epi PseudostratifiePseudostratified d Ciliated Ciliated columnar columnar Simple Simple ciliated ciliated columnarcolumnar Simple Simple columnarcolumnar*claraclara cellcell Goblet Goblet C +/+/-Mixed Mixed glandgland +/+/-CartilagCartilage platee plate +/+/-SMCSMC +Respiratory portionRespiratory portion Respiratory bronchioleRespiratory bronchiole The wall is interrupted Simple cuboidal Epi,clara C SMC Respiratory portionRespiratory portion Alveolar duct&alveolar Alveolar duct&alveolar sacsac The wall,many alveoli SMC*Simple cuboidal,squamous Alveolar ductAlveolar duct Alveolar sacAlveolar sac No SMC*Respiratory portionRespiratory portionalveolusalveolus 肺泡管肺泡管 Simple alveolar Epi.(1)(1)Respiratory portion#constituentsconstituents：respiratory respiratory bronchiolebronchiole，alveolar ductalveolar duct，alveolar sacalveolar sac，alveolusalveolus。1.Respiratory bronchiole1.Respiratory bronchiole The wall,few alveoli open into.The wall,few alveoli open into.Simple cuboidal Epi,SMC.Simple cuboidal Epi,SMC.(2)(2)Respiratory portion 2.2.Alveolar duct&alveolar sacAlveolar duct&alveolar sac The wall,many alveoli open into.The wall,many alveoli open into.Knobs in the wall of alveolar duct Knobs in the wall of alveolar duct Knobs is sphincterKnobs is sphincter-like SMC.like SMC.(3)(3)Respiratory portion 3.alveolus:3.alveolus:type type I alveolar alveolar C type type II alveolar C alveolar septum.alveolar septum.Type II alveolar C macrophage Elastic fiber type I alveolar C Type II alveolar C Osmiophilic Multilamellar bodiesOsmiophilic Multilamellar bodies blood-air barrier Alveoli Type I cell squamoussquamous,covered most surface of,covered most surface of the alveoli.the alveoli.Type II cell LM:round or cuboidal,cell body round or cuboidal,cell body protrude into the lumen.protrude into the lumen.EM:osmiophilic multilamellar body,osmiophilic multilamellar body,with abundant phospholipids.with abundant phospholipids.Functions:secret Functions:secret surfactant,surfactant,reduce reduce surface tension,stabilize alveoli.surface tension,stabilize alveoli.Alveolar septum:Alveolar septum:continuous continuous Cap.,elastic fiber.macrophage dust elastic fiber.macrophage dust C.bloodblood-air barrierair barrier includesincludes:1.mucus layer on surface of alveoli1.mucus layer on surface of alveoli 2.type 2.type I alveolar alveolar C 3.BM of alveolar 3.BM of alveolar C 4.delicate layer of 4.delicate layer of CT 5.continuous 5.continuous Cap.BMBM 6.continuous 6.continuous Cap.Endothelium.Endothelium.Terminal bronchiole Respiratory bronchiole Alveolar ductAlveolar duct Alveolar sac 1 2 3 4 Rules of structural variance in respiratory portion wallwall Epi.Epi.SMCSMC Respiratory Respiratory bronchiolebronchiole Not integratedNot integrated Alveoli open Alveoli open Simple columanSimple columan Simple cuboidalSimple cuboidal thinthin Alveolar Alveolar ductduct Many alveoli Many alveoli open into open into Simple cuboidalSimple cuboidal A fewA few Alveolar Alveolar sacsac of alveoli of alveoli Alveolar Epi.Alveolar Epi.nono alveolusalveolus Irregular Irregular vesicularvesicular Alveolar Epi.Alveolar