哈医大精品课程营养与食品卫生学第一章营养学基础.pptVIP免费

第一章营养学基础碳水化合物CarbohydratesMaincontentsDefinitionofcarbohydratesClassificationofcarbohydratesDigestion&absorptionofCHOFunctionsofcarbohydratesDisordersrelatedtoCHOmetabolismDietaryreferenceintakesofCHOsCarbohydratesareoneofthethreemacronutrienttypesthatprovideenergytoourbodies.Carbohydratescontaincarbon,hydrogen,andoxygen.碳水化合物：属三大能量营养素之一，主要由碳、氢、氧构成。一、碳水化合物的定义Whatarecarbohydrates?Carbohydratecanbeabbreviatedas“CHO”.Weobtainedcarbohydratespredominantlyfromplantfoodssuchasfruits,vegetables,andgrain.Why?PlantsmakecarbohydratesthroughtheprocessofphotosynthesisEnergyfromsunCarbondioxidefromairGlucosestoredinplantWaterWater+CarbondioxideGlucose光合作用二、碳水化合物的分类ClassificationofcarbohydratesCarbohydratesSimpleComplexDisaccharidesMonosaccharidePolysaccharidesOligosaccharide寡糖单糖双糖多糖HOHCH2OHHOHOHHOHHHGlucoseOHOHHOHHOHCH2OHCH2OHFructoseHOOHOHOHHHHHCH2OHGalactoseThethreemostcommonmonosaccharides.ALLofthemcontainidenticalatoms……StructureofmonosaccharidesMonosaccharides-Glucose（葡萄糖）Glucoseisthemostabundantsugarmoleculefoundinourdietsandinourfoods.Glucosedoesnotgenerallyoccurbyitselfinfoodsbutattachestoothersugarstoformdisaccharidesandcomplexcarbohydrates.Inourbodies,glucoseisthepreferredsourceofenergyforthebrain.食物中最多的单糖，但不以单独形式存在，常与其他糖形成双糖或多糖的形式存在，葡萄糖优先为大脑提供能量。Monosaccharides-Fructose（果糖）Fructoseisalsocalledfruitsugar.Fructoseisthesweetestnaturalsugar,occursnaturallyinfruitsandvegetables.PrefixMonosaccharides-Galactose（半乳糖）Galactosedoesnotoccuraloneinfoods.Itjoinswithglucosetocreatelactose,oneofthedisaccharides.Sweetestmonosaccharides?Themostabundantmonosaccharides?Thesweetest：fructoseThemostabundant：glucoseDisaccharide（双糖）Disaccharide:Acarbohydratecompoundconsistingoftwosugarmoleculesjoinedtogether.Thethreemostcommondisaccharidesfoundinfoodsarelactose（乳糖）,maltose（麦芽糖）,andsucrose（蔗糖）.Disaccha...