某大省生态环境治理研究环境工程专业.docx

摘 要 生态环境建设是国际社会显著关注的话题,建设绿色河北和生态城市,在保证公民正常需要的前提下保护生态资源,对于我国经济可持续发展具有长远的意义。河北省自然资源丰富,不仅是我国重要的粮食产区,还是我国汽车,钢铁,化工等产业的重要生产地,在全国名列前茅.但是由于自然资源的不合理利用,以及我国缺乏相应的生态环境保护机制,河北省生态环境、自然资源面临严峻挑战。河北省产业结构失调，能耗过大；经济建设忽视生态承载力，京津冀三地缺乏互联互通等一系列问题导致（一）大气污染严重，雾霾天气频发（二）水资源供需矛盾严重，水体污染加剧（三）土壤环境恶化，水土流失和风沙灾害威胁生态功能（四）重工业能源消耗大，能源濒临枯竭（五）海洋污染等一系列问题。对河北省的绿色发展和政府的生态观念提出了考验。因此提高河北省生态环境建设水平对生态文明建设有很大的理论意义和现实意义。 本文以河北省生态环境作为研究对象，通过对河北省生态环境治理的历程和特点进行分析，将河北省生态环境作为京津冀生态支撑区建设的重要部分，深刻剖析河北省生态环境危害的原因，从而提出生态环境问题的原因及其解决办法。通过制度建设，绿色经济发展，生态文明建设，政府管理体制，京津冀一体化等方面改变生态环境建设（一）将生态保护和经济发展协调起来,实现共赢(二) 将生态保护与经济发展协调起来,实现共赢(三)改革政府环境管理体制，加强京津冀生态环境政策协同能力（四）打造京津冀生态环境支撑区，依靠绿色科技带动生态工程(五)广泛开展生态文明宣传教育，培养公民生态意识。希望能对河北的生态建设提供参考。 关键词：河北省 生态环境建设 生态环境补偿机制 管理能力  The construction of ecological environment is a topic of great concern for the international community. It is of long term significance for the sustainable development of our country to build a green Hebei and an ecological city to protect the ecological resources under the premise of ensuring the normal needs of the citizens. Hebei province is rich in natural resources. It is not only an important grain producing area in China, but also an important production place in China's automobile, steel, chemical industry and other industries. However, because of the unreasonable utilization of naturalresources and the lack of the corresponding ecological environment protection mechanism, the ecological environment and natural resources of Hebei are facing severe challenges. The industrial structure of Hebei province is imbalanced, energy consumption is too large, economic construction is neglecting ecological carrying capacity, and a series of problems such as lack of interconnection and intercommunication in three areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei cause serious air pollution, frequent fog and haze weather (two) water resources supply and demand contradiction is serious, water pollutionaggravates (three) soil environment deterioration, soil erosion and wind sand disaster. Harm threatens ecological function (four) heavy industry energy consumption is large, energy is on the verge of exhaustion (five) marine pollution and a series of problems. It has put forward a test to Hebei's green development and the government's ecological concept. Therefore, improving the level of ecological environment construction in Hebei has great theoretical and practical significance for the construction of ecological civilization. In this paper, the ecological environment of Hebei province is taken as the research object. Through the analysis of the history and characteristics of the ecological environment management in Hebei Province, the ecological environment of Hebei province is taken as an important part of the construction of the ecological support area of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. The causes of the ecological environmental hazards in Hebei province are deeply analyzed, and the reasons for the ecological environment problems and their solutions are put forward. A decision is made. Through system construction, green economic development, ecological civilization construction, government management system, Beijing Tianjin Hebei integration and other aspects to change the ecological environment construction (1) to coordinate the ecological protection and economic development, achieve win-win (two) to coordinate the ecological protection and economic development, achieve win-win (three) reform of the government environmental management system, Strengthening the coordination capacity of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei ecological environment policy (four) to build the ecological environment support area of Beijing, Tianjinand Hebei, and relying on green science and technology to drive ecological engineering (five) to carry out the publicity and education of ecological civilization and cultivate citizens' ecological consciousness. We hope to provide a reference for the ecological construction of Hebei. Keywords: Hebei province , The construction of ecological environment, Ecological environment compensatiomechanism , Management ability 目 录 摘 要 I Abstract II 目 录 III 第1章 绪 论 1 1.1 课题背景及研究的目的 1 1.1.1河北省落实生态环境建设的理论意义 1 1.1.2生态环境之于河北的的现实意义 2 1.2 生态环境治理研究国内外现状及发展趋势 2 1.2.1生态环境建设研究国外动态 2 1.3本文研究内容,思路和研究方法 4 1.3.1本文研究思路 4 1.3.2本文研究方法 5 2.2河北省区域生态环境建设取得的成果 7 2.3河北省生态环境建设面临的主要挑战 8 2.3.1河北省大气污染严重,雾霾天气频发、影响人民健康 8 2.3.2水资源供需矛盾严重,水体污染加剧 8 2.3.3土壤环境恶化,水土流失和风沙灾害威胁生态功能 8 2.3.4.河北省是能源消耗大省,重工业占全省比重大 8 2.3.5河北省海域环境缺乏监管,海洋污染频发 9 3.3缺乏宣传教育，公民生态文明意识淡薄 12 3.4政府政策执行、监督体系不健全,环境部门基础薄弱,能力不足 13 3.5体制障碍阻拦京津冀协同生态环境建设 14 第四章河北省在生态环境治理中凸显的问题及不足 16 4.1河北省产业结构换代慢，无法跟上节能环保的新经济 16 4.2河北省与京津经济差距大,区域生态建设不平衡 17 4.3河北省缺乏区域生态文明意识,公民生态文明建设活动较少 17 4.4 河北省环境保护部门缺乏基础设施,执法力度不够 18 4.5河北企业缺少科技创新,无法为生态建设提供驱动力 18 第5章对河北省生态环境治理与建设的的对策和建议 18 5.1制定并健全与生保态护相关的法律法规,保证生态政策执行 18 5.2将生态保护和经济发展协调起来,实现共赢 18 5.3改革政府环境管理体制,加强京津冀生态环境政策协同能力 19 5.4打造京津冀生态环境支撑区,依靠绿色科技带动生态工程 19 5.5广泛开展生态文明宣传教育,培养公民生态意识 20 第1章 绪 论 1.1 课题背景及研究的目的和意义 十八大以来,随着党和国家对生态环境建设的重视程度提高,河北省作为华北平原上重要的工农业产区